https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-56-passwords-hashing-2fa?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZPasswords, hashes, and a second factor https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-66-validation-metrics?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZModel validation and a confusion matrix https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-70-human-controlled-ai?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZAdding AI while keeping the human in control https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-55-threat-model-cia?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZWhom and what are we protecting? https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-65-train-classifier?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZTraining a simple classifier https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-61-privacy-rights-wellbeing?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZPrivacy, authorship, and digital wellbeing https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-62-security-release?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZRelease 1.3: a protected and recoverable assistant https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-64-features-labels-datasets?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZFeatures, labels, and an honest dataset https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-63-rules-algorithms-models?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZRules, algorithms, and trainable models https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-59-encryption-keys?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZEncryption, keys, and the limits of protection https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-69-ai-verification-sources?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZA confident answer is not a reliable answer https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-71-release-testing-docs?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZRelease 2.1: tests, instructions, and product handoff https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-58-phishing-social-deepfakes?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZPhishing, pressure, and deepfakes https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-68-generative-ai-llm?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZHow a language model continues text https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-72-capstone-defense?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZProject defence: demonstrate a solution, an error, and a limitation https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-57-authorization-least-privilege?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZWho may do what: least privilege https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-67-bias-fairness-privacy?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZBias, fairness, and privacy in AI https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-60-backup-updates-logs?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:33:15ZBackups, updates, and event logs https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-64-features-labels-datasets?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15ZБелгілер, таңбалар және адал деректер жиыны https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-72-capstone-defense?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15ZЖобаны қорғау: шешімді, қатені және шектеуді көрсету https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-71-release-testing-docs?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15Z2.1 шығарылымы: тесттер, нұсқаулық және өнімді тапсыру https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-70-human-controlled-ai?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15ZШешімді адамда қалдырып, ЖИ қосамыз https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-69-ai-verification-sources?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15ZСенімді жауап әрдайым шынайы емес https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-68-generative-ai-llm?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15ZТілдік модель мәтінді қалай жалғастырады https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-67-bias-fairness-privacy?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15ZЖИ-дегі ығысу, әділдік және құпиялық https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-66-validation-metrics?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15ZМодельді тексеру және қателер матрицасы https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-65-train-classifier?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15ZҚарапайым жіктеуішті үйретеміз https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-63-rules-algorithms-models?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15ZЕреже, алгоритм және үйретілетін модель https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-62-security-release?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15Z1.3 шығарылымы: қорғалған көмекші және қалпына келтіру https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-55-threat-model-cia?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15ZКімді және неден қорғаймыз https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-56-passwords-hashing-2fa?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15ZҚұпиясөз, хеш және екінші фактор https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-57-authorization-least-privilege?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15ZКімге не рұқсат: ең аз құқық қағидасы https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-58-phishing-social-deepfakes?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15ZФишинг, қысым және дипфейк https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-59-encryption-keys?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15ZШифрлау, кілт және қорғаныс шекарасы https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-60-backup-updates-logs?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15ZСақтық көшірме, жаңарту және оқиғалар журналы https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-61-privacy-rights-wellbeing?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:33:15ZҚұпиялық, авторлық және цифрлық әл-ауқат https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-61-privacy-rights-wellbeing?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZПриватность, авторство и цифровое благополучие https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-72-capstone-defense?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZЗащита проекта: показать решение, ошибку и ограничение https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-57-authorization-least-privilege?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZКому что разрешено: принцип наименьших прав https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-67-bias-fairness-privacy?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZСмещение, справедливость и приватность в ИИ https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-60-backup-updates-logs?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZРезервная копия, обновление и журнал событий https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-56-passwords-hashing-2fa?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZПароль, хеш и второй фактор https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-66-validation-metrics?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZПроверка модели и матрица ошибок https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-70-human-controlled-ai?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZДобавляем ИИ, сохраняя решение за человеком https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-55-threat-model-cia?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZКого и от чего мы защищаем https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-65-train-classifier?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZОбучаем простой классификатор https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-63-rules-algorithms-models?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZПравило, алгоритм и обучаемая модель https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-59-encryption-keys?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZШифрование, ключ и границы защиты https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-62-security-release?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZВыпуск 1.3: защищённый помощник и восстановление https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-64-features-labels-datasets?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZПризнаки, метки и честный набор данных https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-69-ai-verification-sources?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZУверенный ответ не равен достоверному https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-71-release-testing-docs?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZВыпуск 2.1: тесты, инструкция и передача продукта https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-58-phishing-social-deepfakes?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZФишинг, давление и дипфейк https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-68-generative-ai-llm?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:33:15ZКак языковая модель продолжает текст https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-47-observations-data-schema?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:05:22ZFrom an observation to a data row https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-50-charts-honesty?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:05:22ZHow a chart can lie with true numbers https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-49-cleaning-provenance?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:05:22ZCleaning data without losing its provenance https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-48-spreadsheets-formulas?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:05:22ZA table, a formula, and a verifiable calculation https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-54-data-release?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:05:22ZRelease 1.2: the assistant with SQLite https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-53-joins-reports?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:05:22ZJoining tables and making an honest report https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-52-sql-queries?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:05:22ZSQL asks data precise questions https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-51-relational-keys?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T10:05:22ZRelated tables, keys, and no duplicates https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-50-charts-honesty?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:05:22ZДиаграмма шын сандармен қалай алдай алады https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-47-observations-data-schema?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:05:22ZБақылаудан дерек жолына дейін https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-48-spreadsheets-formulas?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:05:22ZКесте, формула және тексерілетін есеп https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-49-cleaning-provenance?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:05:22ZШығу тегін жоғалтпай деректі тазалау https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-51-relational-keys?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:05:22ZБайланысқан кестелер, кілттер және қайталанбайтын жазбалар https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-52-sql-queries?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:05:22ZSQL дерекке нақты сұрақ қояды https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-53-joins-reports?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:05:22ZКестелерді біріктіру және адал есеп https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-54-data-release?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T10:05:22Z1.2 шығарылымы: SQLite қолданатын көмекші https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-50-charts-honesty?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:05:22ZКак диаграмма может солгать правдивыми числами https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-53-joins-reports?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:05:22ZСоединение таблиц и честный отчёт https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-49-cleaning-provenance?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:05:22ZОчистка данных без потери происхождения https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-51-relational-keys?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:05:22ZСвязанные таблицы, ключи и отсутствие дублей https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-47-observations-data-schema?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:05:22ZОт наблюдения к строке данных https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-48-spreadsheets-formulas?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:05:22ZТаблица, формула и проверяемый расчёт https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-52-sql-queries?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:05:22ZSQL спрашивает данные точно https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-54-data-release?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T10:05:22ZВыпуск 1.2: помощник с SQLite https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-46-web-cloud-release?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:59:27ZRelease 1.1: a web version and an honest cloud model https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-45-html-css-accessibility?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:59:27ZHTML, CSS, and an interface accessible to different people https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-44-http-browser-server?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:59:27ZHTTP: a conversation between browser and server https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-43-tls-trust?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:59:27ZTLS: encryption and checking the other party https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-42-tcp-udp-delivery?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:59:27ZTCP and UDP: different delivery promises https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-41-dns-names?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:59:27ZDNS: how a name leads to a server https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-40-ip-router-packets?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:59:27ZIP addresses, routers, and packets https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-39-network-message-journey?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:59:27ZThe journey of a message between two phones https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-46-web-cloud-release?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:59:27Z1.1 шығарылымы: веб-нұсқа және бұлттың шынайы моделі https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-41-dns-names?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:59:27ZDNS: атау серверге қалай жеткізеді https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-43-tls-trust?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:59:27ZTLS: шифрлау және байланысушыны тексеру https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-39-network-message-journey?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:59:27ZЕкі телефон арасындағы хабар жолы https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-40-ip-router-packets?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:59:27ZIP мекенжайы, бағдарлауыш және пакеттер https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-42-tcp-udp-delivery?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:59:27ZTCP және UDP: жеткізудің әртүрлі уәдесі https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-45-html-css-accessibility?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:59:27ZHTML, CSS және әр адамға қолжетімді интерфейс https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-44-http-browser-server?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:59:27ZHTTP: браузер мен сервердің сөйлесуі https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-46-web-cloud-release?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:59:27ZВыпуск 1.1: веб-версия и честная модель облака https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-44-http-browser-server?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:59:27ZHTTP: разговор браузера с сервером https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-43-tls-trust?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:59:27ZTLS: шифрование и проверка собеседника https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-39-network-message-journey?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:59:27ZПуть сообщения между двумя телефонами https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-42-tcp-udp-delivery?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:59:27ZTCP и UDP: разные обещания доставки https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-41-dns-names?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:59:27ZDNS: как имя приводит к серверу https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-40-ip-router-packets?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:59:27ZIP-адрес, маршрутизатор и пакеты https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-45-html-css-accessibility?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:59:27ZHTML, CSS и интерфейс, доступный разным людям https://shanraq.org/read/us-sanctions-icc-institution-october-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:14:06ZUS sanctions the International Criminal Court as an institution: what is known https://shanraq.org/read/us-sanctions-icc-institution-october-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:14:06ZАҚШ Халықаралық қылмыстық соттың өзіне санкция енгізді: әзірге не белгілі? https://shanraq.org/read/us-sanctions-icc-institution-october-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:14:06ZСША ввели санкции против Международного уголовного суда как учреждения: что известно https://shanraq.org/read/nasa-krepe3-heat-shield-test-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:14:06ZA cargo ship’s final flight tests heat shields for future space missions https://shanraq.org/read/nasa-krepe3-heat-shield-test-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:14:06ZҚоқыс таситын ғарыш кемесі Марсқа арналған қорғанысты сынайды: NASA тәжірибесі https://shanraq.org/read/nasa-krepe3-heat-shield-test-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:14:06ZКосмический корабль уходит с мусором — и проверяет защиту для Марса: эксперимент NASA https://shanraq.org/read/nasa-thailand-floods-lansat-october-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:14:06ZThailand floods seen from space: NASA’s new images show water spread across farmland https://shanraq.org/read/nasa-thailand-floods-lansat-october-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:14:06ZТаиландтағы тасқын ғарыштан көрінді: NASA жаңа спутниктік салыстыру жариялады https://shanraq.org/read/nasa-thailand-floods-lansat-october-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:14:06ZТаиланд под водой: NASA показало масштаб наводнения из космоса https://shanraq.org/read/unctad-global-growth-2026-trade-ai-gap?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:14:06ZTrade rises as growth slows: UNCTAD projects 2.6% world expansion in 2026 https://shanraq.org/read/unctad-global-growth-2026-trade-ai-gap?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:14:06ZСауда өсіп, әлем экономикасы баяулайды: ЮНКТАД 2026 жылға 2,6% өсім болжады https://shanraq.org/read/unctad-global-growth-2026-trade-ai-gap?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:14:06ZТорговля растёт, экономика тормозит: ЮНКТАД снизила прогноз роста мира до 2,6% https://shanraq.org/read/navi-pillay-nobel-peace-prize-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:14:06ZNavi Pillay wins the 2026 Nobel Peace Prize: why the committee chose an international jurist https://shanraq.org/read/navi-pillay-nobel-peace-prize-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:14:06ZБейбітшілік саласындағы Нобель сыйлығы Нави Пиллэйге берілді: комитет нені бағалады? https://shanraq.org/read/navi-pillay-nobel-peace-prize-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:14:06ZНобелевская премия мира — Нави Пиллэй: почему выбор пал на судью международных трибуналов https://shanraq.org/read/who-community-mental-health-care-guidance-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:14:06ZWHO calls for mental health care closer to home, not years behind institutional walls https://shanraq.org/read/who-community-mental-health-care-guidance-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:14:06ZДДҰ психикалық денсаулық көмегін өзгертуге шақырды: қолдау адамға жақын болуы тиіс https://shanraq.org/read/who-community-mental-health-care-guidance-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:14:06ZВОЗ призвала менять психиатрическую помощь: жизнь вне закрытых учреждений должна стать нормой https://shanraq.org/read/east-kazakhstan-eagle-hunting-asian-cup-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:14:06ZGolden eagles, tazy dogs and a first Asian Cup: East Kazakhstan’s festival begins https://shanraq.org/read/east-kazakhstan-eagle-hunting-asian-cup-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:14:06ZБүркіт, тазы және тұңғыш Азия кубогы: Бозанбайдағы «Шығыс Салбурыны» басталды https://shanraq.org/read/east-kazakhstan-eagle-hunting-asian-cup-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:14:06ZБеркуты, тазы и первый Кубок Азии: чем удивит «Шығыс Салбурыны» в ВКО https://shanraq.org/read/mangystau-unesco-ustyurt-mission-october-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:14:06ZMangystau prepares Ustyurt for international review: what happens to its ancient sites? https://shanraq.org/read/mangystau-unesco-ustyurt-mission-october-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:14:06ZМаңғыстауда Үстіртті халықаралық бағалауға дайындау талқыланды: ескерткіштерді не күтіп тұр? https://shanraq.org/read/mangystau-unesco-ustyurt-mission-october-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:14:06ZМангистау готовит Устюрт к международной оценке: что ждёт древние памятники https://shanraq.org/read/kazakhstan-first-global-2026-incheon-top-four?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:14:06ZKazakhstan’s school engineers climb to fourth at FIRST Global — with the final still ahead https://shanraq.org/read/kazakhstan-first-global-2026-incheon-top-four?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:14:06ZҚазақстан оқушылары FIRST Global жарысында үздік төрттікке енді: финал әлі алда https://shanraq.org/read/kazakhstan-first-global-2026-incheon-top-four?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:14:06ZКазахстанские школьники ворвались в топ-4 FIRST Global: чем удивляет команда в Инчхоне https://shanraq.org/read/jinishke-satellite-internet-oneweb-kazakhstan?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:14:06ZSatellite internet reaches Jinishke: what changes for a village that struggled to make a call? https://shanraq.org/read/jinishke-satellite-internet-oneweb-kazakhstan?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:14:06ZЖіңішкеге спутниктік интернет қосылды: байланыссыз ауылда не өзгерді? https://shanraq.org/read/jinishke-satellite-internet-oneweb-kazakhstan?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:14:06ZИнтернет там, где раньше ловил лишь домашний телефон: что изменилось в селе Жіңішке https://shanraq.org/read/egov-mobile-13-million-users-kazakhstan-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:14:06ZeGov Mobile reaches 13.2 million users: how much of Kazakhstan’s public services are now on a phone? https://shanraq.org/read/egov-mobile-13-million-users-kazakhstan-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:14:06ZeGov Mobile аудиториясы 13,2 млн-ға жетті: телефондағы қызметтердің нақты ауқымы қандай? https://shanraq.org/read/egov-mobile-13-million-users-kazakhstan-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:14:06ZeGov Mobile охватил 13,2 млн человек: какие услуги действительно переехали в телефон https://shanraq.org/read/kazakhstan-current-account-surplus-h1-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-10T04:14:06ZKazakhstan records $2.4bn current-account surplus: what it does and does not mean for the tenge https://shanraq.org/read/kazakhstan-current-account-surplus-h1-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-10T04:14:06ZҚазақстанның сыртқы шоты $2,4 млрд профицитке шықты: бұл теңге үшін нені білдіреді? https://shanraq.org/read/kazakhstan-current-account-surplus-h1-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-10T04:14:06ZПрофицит $2,4 млрд: почему внешние счета Казахстана впервые за три года вышли в плюс https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-35-python-files-json?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T14:05:54ZSaving tasks in JSON https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-38-python-cli-release?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T14:05:54ZRelease 1.0: a command-line digital assistant https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-37-python-tests-modules?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T14:05:54ZTests and modules protect changes https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-36-python-errors-debugging?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T14:05:54ZAn error as an observable fact https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-34-python-functions?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T14:05:54ZPython functions with a clear contract https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-33-python-text-dates?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T14:05:54ZText, dates, and Kazakh Unicode https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-32-python-collections?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T14:05:54ZLists and dictionaries for many tasks https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-31-python-loops?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T14:05:54ZPython loops that know when to stop https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-30-python-conditions?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T14:05:54ZPython conditions and boundary checks https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-29-python-expressions?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T14:05:54ZExpressions without hidden conversions https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-28-python-input-output-types?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T14:05:54ZInput, output, and data types https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-27-python-first-state?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T14:05:54ZFirst program: state becomes code https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-34-python-functions?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T14:05:54ZШарты анық Python функциялары https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-28-python-input-output-types?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T14:05:54ZЕнгізу, шығару және дерек түрлері https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-38-python-cli-release?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T14:05:54Z1.0 шығарылымы: консольдық цифрлық көмекші https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-29-python-expressions?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T14:05:54ZЖасырын түрлендірусіз өрнектер https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-30-python-conditions?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T14:05:54ZPython шарттары және шекараны тексеру https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-37-python-tests-modules?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T14:05:54ZТесттер мен модульдер өзгерісті қорғайды https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-32-python-collections?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T14:05:54ZКөп тапсырмаға арналған тізімдер мен сөздіктер https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-33-python-text-dates?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T14:05:54ZМәтін, күндер және қазақша Unicode https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-36-python-errors-debugging?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T14:05:54ZҚате бақыланатын дерек ретінде https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-27-python-first-state?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T14:05:54ZАлғашқы бағдарлама: күй кодқа айналады https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-31-python-loops?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T14:05:54ZТоқтай алатын Python циклдері https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-35-python-files-json?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T14:05:54ZТапсырмаларды JSON пішімінде сақтау https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-31-python-loops?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T14:05:54ZЦиклы Python, которые умеют остановиться https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-28-python-input-output-types?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T14:05:54ZВвод, вывод и типы данных https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-34-python-functions?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T14:05:54ZФункции Python с ясным договором https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-33-python-text-dates?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T14:05:54ZТекст, даты и казахский Unicode https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-29-python-expressions?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T14:05:54ZВыражения без скрытых преобразований https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-32-python-collections?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T14:05:54ZСписки и словари для многих задач https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-35-python-files-json?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T14:05:54ZСохранение задач в JSON https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-38-python-cli-release?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T14:05:54ZВыпуск 1.0: консольный цифровой помощник https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-37-python-tests-modules?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T14:05:54ZТесты и модули защищают изменения https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-30-python-conditions?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T14:05:54ZУсловия Python и проверка границ https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-36-python-errors-debugging?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T14:05:54ZОшибка как наблюдаемый факт https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-27-python-first-state?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T14:05:54ZПервая программа: состояние становится кодом https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-24-functions-contracts?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T06:51:48ZA function as a promise: input, result, and conditions https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-19-problem-decomposition?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T06:51:48ZDecompose a large problem without losing the goal https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-20-state-variables?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T06:51:48ZState and variables through a game https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-21-sequence-tracing?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T06:51:48ZSequence and step tracing https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-22-conditions-boundaries?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T06:51:48ZConditions and boundary cases https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-23-loops-invariants?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T06:51:48ZRepetition without copying and a stopping condition https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-25-correctness-efficiency?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T06:51:48ZA correct and sufficiently fast algorithm https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-26-algorithms-mastery?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T06:51:48ZMastery checkpoint: the assistant's algorithms on paper https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-26-algorithms-mastery?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T06:51:48ZБақылау нүктесі: көмекші алгоритмдері қағазда https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-22-conditions-boundaries?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T06:51:48ZШарттар және шекаралық жағдайлар https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-24-functions-contracts?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T06:51:48ZФункция уәде ретінде: кіріс, нәтиже және шарттар https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-21-sequence-tracing?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T06:51:48ZҚадамдар реті және трассалау https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-25-correctness-efficiency?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T06:51:48ZДұрыс әрі жеткілікті жылдам алгоритм https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-20-state-variables?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T06:51:48ZОйын мысалындағы күй мен айнымалы https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-23-loops-invariants?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T06:51:48ZКөшірмей қайталау және тоқтау шарты https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-19-problem-decomposition?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T06:51:48ZМақсатты жоғалтпай үлкен міндетті бөлу https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-23-loops-invariants?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T06:51:48ZПовторение без копирования и условие остановки https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-26-algorithms-mastery?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T06:51:48ZКонтрольная точка: алгоритмы помощника на бумаге https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-25-correctness-efficiency?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T06:51:48ZПравильный и достаточно быстрый алгоритм https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-24-functions-contracts?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T06:51:48ZФункция как обещание: вход, результат и условия https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-19-problem-decomposition?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T06:51:48ZРазделить большую задачу, не потеряв цель https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-22-conditions-boundaries?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T06:51:48ZУсловия и граничные случаи https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-21-sequence-tracing?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T06:51:48ZПоследовательность и трассировка шагов https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-20-state-variables?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T06:51:48ZСостояние и переменная на примере игры https://shanraq.org/read/russia-central-bank-bond-market-manipulation-october-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T03:14:42ZBank of Russia finds manipulation in Sibur and Rostelecom bonds https://shanraq.org/read/astana-heating-fire-safety-2900-homes-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T03:14:42ZAstana checks 2,900 homes before winter: a practical heating safety checklist https://shanraq.org/read/astana-youth-jobs-3547-october-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T03:14:42ZAstana reports 3,547 young people in permanent jobs: where to look next https://shanraq.org/read/nasa-crew12-return-earth-pacific-october-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T03:14:42ZCrew-12 returns to Earth after nearly eight months on the ISS: NASA’s photo https://shanraq.org/read/germany-uk-cyber-sabotage-partnership-october-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T03:14:42ZGermany and UK launch cyber and sabotage partnership: what is agreed https://shanraq.org/read/germany-exports-august-down-0-8-percent-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T03:14:42ZGerman exports fell 0.8% in August: what the latest trade data actually say https://shanraq.org/read/belarus-lukashenko-turkmenistan-cis-meetings-october-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T03:14:42ZLukashenko arrives in Turkmenistan for CIS meetings: what is confirmed so far https://shanraq.org/read/india-mobile-congress-2026-5g-550-million-users?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T03:14:42ZIndia cites 550 million 5G users and sets a billion-user goal for 2030 https://shanraq.org/read/india-gst-council-57-reform-recommendations-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T03:14:42ZIndia’s GST Council proposes sweeping compliance changes, but when do they start? https://shanraq.org/read/kazakhstan-youth-traditional-archery-astana-10-medals-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T03:14:42ZTen medals and top spot: Astana’s young archers win Kazakhstan championship https://shanraq.org/read/east-kazakhstan-building-inspections-284-cases-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T03:14:42ZEast Kazakhstan building checks led to 284 cases and 12 demolitions https://shanraq.org/read/astana-industrial-water-pipeline-85-percent-2026?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-09T03:14:42ZAstana technical water main is 85% complete: why 80 organisations depend on it https://shanraq.org/read/astana-industrial-water-pipeline-85-percent-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T03:14:42ZАстанада техникалық су құбыры 85% дайын: үш шақырымдық желі кімге керек https://shanraq.org/read/nasa-crew12-return-earth-pacific-october-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T03:14:42ZCrew-12 экипажы ХҒС-тағы сегіз айдан кейін Жерге оралды: NASA суреті https://shanraq.org/read/east-kazakhstan-building-inspections-284-cases-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T03:14:42ZШҚО құрылысында 284 іс қозғалды, 12 нысан бұзылды: тексеру нені көрсетті https://shanraq.org/read/kazakhstan-youth-traditional-archery-astana-10-medals-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T03:14:42ZАстаналық жас садақшылар он медаль алып, Қазақстан чемпионатында жеңді https://shanraq.org/read/russia-central-bank-bond-market-manipulation-october-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T03:14:42ZРесей Банкі «Сибур» және «Ростелеком» облигацияларына қатысты айла-шарғыны анықтады https://shanraq.org/read/india-gst-council-57-reform-recommendations-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T03:14:42ZҮндістан GST салығын жеңілдетуді ұсынды: 57-отырыстың бизнеске әсері қандай https://shanraq.org/read/india-mobile-congress-2026-5g-550-million-users?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T03:14:42ZҮндістан 550 млн 5G пайдаланушысы барын мәлімдеді: бір миллиардқа жету не үшін керек https://shanraq.org/read/belarus-lukashenko-turkmenistan-cis-meetings-october-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T03:14:42ZЛукашенко Түрікменстанға ТМД кездесулеріне келді: 9 қазан таңына не белгілі https://shanraq.org/read/astana-youth-jobs-3547-october-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T03:14:42ZАстанада 3547 жас тұрақты жұмысқа орналасты: бос орындарды қайдан іздеуге болады https://shanraq.org/read/germany-exports-august-down-0-8-percent-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T03:14:42ZГермания экспорты тамызда 0,8% азайды: бұл Еуропа экономикасы үшін нені білдіреді https://shanraq.org/read/germany-uk-cyber-sabotage-partnership-october-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T03:14:42ZГермания мен Ұлыбритания кибершабуыл және диверсияға қарсы бірігеді https://shanraq.org/read/astana-heating-fire-safety-2900-homes-2026?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-09T03:14:42ZАстанада қыс алдында 2900 үй тексерілді: пеш қауіпсіздігі үшін не істеу керек https://shanraq.org/read/astana-heating-fire-safety-2900-homes-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T03:14:42ZВ Астане проверили 2900 домов перед зимой: что сделать, чтобы печь не стала угрозой https://shanraq.org/read/astana-youth-jobs-3547-october-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T03:14:42ZВ Астане 3547 молодых людей нашли постоянную работу: где искать вакансии сейчас https://shanraq.org/read/nasa-crew12-return-earth-pacific-october-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T03:14:42ZЭкипаж Crew-12 вернулся на Землю после восьми месяцев на МКС: снимок NASA https://shanraq.org/read/astana-industrial-water-pipeline-85-percent-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T03:14:42ZВодовод Астаны готов на 85%: почему трёхкилометровая труба важна для 80 организаций https://shanraq.org/read/germany-exports-august-down-0-8-percent-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T03:14:42ZЭкспорт Германии снова снизился: что означают минус 0,8% для экономики Европы https://shanraq.org/read/belarus-lukashenko-turkmenistan-cis-meetings-october-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T03:14:42ZЛукашенко прибыл в Туркменистан на встречи СНГ: что подтверждено к утру 9 октября https://shanraq.org/read/india-mobile-congress-2026-5g-550-million-users?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T03:14:42ZИндия заявила о 550 млн пользователей 5G: зачем стране ещё миллиард подключений https://shanraq.org/read/india-gst-council-57-reform-recommendations-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T03:14:42ZИндия предлагает упростить налог GST: что изменится для бизнеса после 57-го заседания совета https://shanraq.org/read/russia-central-bank-bond-market-manipulation-october-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T03:14:42ZБанк России сообщил о манипуляциях с облигациями «Сибура» и «Ростелекома» https://shanraq.org/read/kazakhstan-youth-traditional-archery-astana-10-medals-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T03:14:42ZДесять медалей и первое место: как юные лучники Астаны выиграли чемпионат Казахстана https://shanraq.org/read/east-kazakhstan-building-inspections-284-cases-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T03:14:42Z284 дела и 12 демонтированных объектов: что нашли стройинспекторы в ВКО https://shanraq.org/read/germany-uk-cyber-sabotage-partnership-october-2026?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-09T03:14:42ZГермания и Британия объединяют защиту от кибератак и саботажа: что уже согласовано https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-11-bits-states?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-08T13:08:42ZThe bit: two distinguishable states https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-12-binary-numbers?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-08T13:08:42ZHow binary notation stores numbers https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-15-sound-video-sampling?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-08T13:08:42ZHow sound and motion become data https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-18-representation-mastery?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-08T13:08:42ZMastery checkpoint: the assistant's data format https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-16-compression?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-08T13:08:42ZWhy ZIP and a messenger compress differently https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-13-text-unicode?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-08T13:08:42ZHow a computer distinguishes Ә, Я, and A https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-17-integrity-errors?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-08T13:08:42ZHow to detect damaged data https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-14-pixels-color?lang=enShanraq.orgen2026-10-08T13:08:42ZA photograph as a grid of numbers https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-12-binary-numbers?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-08T13:08:42ZЕкілік жазба сандарды қалай сақтайды https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-18-representation-mastery?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-08T13:08:42ZБақылау нүктесі: көмекші деректерінің пішімі https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-11-bits-states?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-08T13:08:42ZБит: ажыратылатын екі күй https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-14-pixels-color?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-08T13:08:42ZФотосурет сандар торы ретінде https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-16-compression?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-08T13:08:42ZНеліктен ZIP пен мессенджер әртүрлі сығады https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-17-integrity-errors?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-08T13:08:42ZБүлінген деректі қалай байқауға болады https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-13-text-unicode?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-08T13:08:42ZКомпьютер Ә, Я және A әріптерін қалай ажыратады https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-15-sound-video-sampling?lang=kzShanraq.orgkk2026-10-08T13:08:42ZДыбыс пен қозғалыс дерекке қалай айналады https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-15-sound-video-sampling?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-08T13:08:42ZКак звук и движение превращаются в данные https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-13-text-unicode?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-08T13:08:42ZКак компьютер различает Ә, Я и A https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-16-compression?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-08T13:08:42ZПочему ZIP и мессенджер сжимают по-разному https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-11-bits-states?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-08T13:08:42ZБит: два различимых состояния https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-14-pixels-color?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-08T13:08:42ZФотография как сетка чисел https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-18-representation-mastery?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-08T13:08:42ZКонтрольная точка: формат данных помощника https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-17-integrity-errors?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-08T13:08:42ZКак заметить повреждённые данные https://shanraq.org/read/informatics-12-binary-numbers?lang=ruShanraq.orgru2026-10-08T13:08:42ZКак двоичная запись хранит числа