Lesson 24. Require enough evidence before choosing

Why this matters

A receptionist sees both “when” and “where” in a note. Even if “when” appears twice, the receptionist should ask which question the writer wants answered. The previous counter made exactly that mistake.

Before the program

Keep the learned counts but check the question before choosing. time_cue means an explicit time word is present; place_cue means an explicit place word is present. We allow only the already studied forms қашан, уақыты, қайда, and орны. or accepts either condition, and requires both, and not reverses a yes/no value. Choose a type only when its cue is present, the other type’s cue is absent, and its score is higher. Two kinds of cue or no clear cue lead to refusal.

Copy examples.json beside the program. Its 13 cards use the format explained in lesson 22.

From the project root, enter the step folder and run the program:

cd course/kazakh-ai/step-24
python3 gate.py

On Windows, use py gate.py.

import json

with open("examples.json", encoding="utf-8") as file:
    rows = json.load(file)
weights = {}
for row in rows:
    if row["split"] == "train":
        words = row["text"].lower().replace("?", "").replace(",", "").split()
        for word in words:
            for feature in [word, word[:4]]:
                if feature not in weights:
                    weights[feature] = {"уақыт": 0, "орын": 0}
                weights[feature][row["label"]] += 1
for row in rows:
    if row["split"] == "tune":
        scores = {"уақыт": 0, "орын": 0}
        words = row["text"].lower().replace("?", "").replace(",", "").split()
        for word in words:
            for feature in [word, word[:4]]:
                if feature in weights:
                    scores["уақыт"] += weights[feature]["уақыт"]
                    scores["орын"] += weights[feature]["орын"]
        time_cue = "қашан" in words or "уақыты" in words
        place_cue = "қайда" in words or "орны" in words
        if time_cue and not place_cue and scores["уақыт"] > scores["орын"]:
            prediction = "уақыт"
        elif place_cue and not time_cue and scores["орын"] > scores["уақыт"]:
            prediction = "орын"
        else:
            prediction = "білмеймін"
        print(row["text"], "→", prediction)

Step files.

How the code works

The last tuning question now yields білмеймін even though the time score is larger: place_cue is true too. Шахмат нешеде? is still unanswered because that form is not yet covered by examples and rules. We can add examples later and check the change on a new test set. Enough evidence to choose a question type is not enough to answer a timetable question; lessons 16–20 still require a fact card, source, and valid date.

Support map

Learned score + explicit cue for one type + no cue for the other → type; otherwise → refuse. Fact lookup remains separate.

Recall and check

Hide the code and recall the three conditions for choosing time. Run the five tuning questions. Expected predictions: уақыт, орын, then білмеймін three times. Hint: on the last question both cues are true; not place_cue blocks the choice. Common mistake: dropping the other-cue check because the time score is higher. That recreates the lesson 23 error.