What has happened: completed past -ды/-ді/-ты/-ті

Where we are on the map

The support map presents time as an observable scene rather than a row of labels. First find a time beacon: yesterday, usually, now, or tomorrow. Then inspect the state of the action: has it finished, does it repeat, is it unfolding at speech time, or is it only planned? Trace the route from beacon to scene and form, hide the labels, and rebuild it in your own words.

A real situation

After a school event, the team assembles a report. A finished map, a saved file, and signed photographs are already on the table. The team must say precisely who did what instead of turning the report into a vague activity list.

Listen and respond

Listen: Кеше мен мәтінді аяқтадым. — Yesterday I finished the text.

Listen: Сен файлды сақтадың. — You saved the file.

Listen: Ол суретті таңдады. — They selected the photograph.

Listen: Біз қонақтарды қарсы алдық. — We welcomed the visitors.

Listen: Оқушылар макетті құрастырды. — The learners assembled the model.

Listen: Сабақ сағат үште басталды. — The lesson began at three.

How to practise

On the first listen, hide the text and identify only the time of the action. On the second, reveal the Kazakh line, point to the time beacon and verb form, and repeat the complete line after the recording. On the third, replace the day, participant, or action and choose the meaning again before the form. The recording supplies pronunciation; a suitable new sentence proves understanding.

The precise model

A specific completed event often takes -ды/-ді/-ты/-ті and a personal ending: аяқта-ды-м, сақта-ды-ң, қарсы ал-ды-қ. A final voiceless sound selects -ты/-ті; harmony and the remaining sound conditions select the matching variant. Third person has no additional personal ending: ол таңдады.

The support signal

КЕШЕ/ӨТКЕН → ТҮБІР + ДЫ/ДІ/ТЫ/ТІ + ЖІКТІК → аяқтадым

The limit of the rule

The form presents an event as an established fact, but it does not itself prove the information source or guarantee that the result still exists. Do not import English gender into ол таңдады; the line can refer to a person of any gender, and context supplies the identity.

Predict before the explanation

Before the explanation, lay out four cards: completed, usual, happening now, and planned. For every line you hear, choose a card first and name the observable clue. Only then predict the verb form. Keep your first answer, compare it with the model, and explain any change with one sentence about meaning.

Rebuild it without the prompt

Hide the lesson and draw a past, present, and future line in one minute. Rebuild one familiar line, then change its time and produce a new one. Say both naturally without separating suffixes in your voice. If the choice disappears, return to the question ‘what is happening in the scene?’ instead of reciting a list of endings.

Find and repair the mistake

A learner writes мен аяқтады: the past marker is present, but the participant does not agree. Build аяқта-ды-м step by step and compare it with ол аяқта-ды. Then inspect the last sound in баста-ды and кет-ті rather than memorising random pairs.

Transfer to a new setting

Take an unseen card containing a person, an action, and a time condition. Produce a line without a model, ask your partner a clarifying question, and change the time after the reply. The partner checks whether the time beacon, state of the action, and form agree instead of demanding a memorised sentence.

Change to the My World project

Add a completed-step timeline with fictional dates to the project: three results, responsible roles, and one verifiable file or drawing without personal data.

Exercise

Required. Use six physical traces to reconstruct what happened and use at least three persons. Transfer check. Receive a new verb, choose the voiced or voiceless variant from its final sound, and explain the choice.

Retrieval after 1, 7, and 30 days

• Tomorrow rebuild the time support and produce three new lines without reading.
• After seven days describe yesterday, now, and tomorrow from unseen pictures and meet at least 7 of 10 criteria.
• After thirty days record a one-minute account, find one time-related inaccuracy, and repair it independently.

Next lesson: What happens next: arrangement, plan, and intention